Skiena’s Algorithm design manual is very widely recommended for learning algorithms, I’ve also heard good things about A common sense guide to algorithms and data structures. Skiena’s also has video lectures on YouTube if you prefer videos.

From what I’ve seen, a common sense guide seems to be more geared towards newer programmers while Skiena assumes more experience. Consequently, Skiena goes into more depth while A common sense guide seems to be more focused on what you specifically asked for. algorithm design manual

A common sense guide

I love how by default most tables were wooden and the balls were mostly about baseball size

Bow by Zeal & Ardor